Can handheld or VFR GPS be used for primary navigation in IFR conditions?

In IFR conditions, handheld or VFR GPS systems are not permitted for primary navigation. This is primarily due to the requirements set forth by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) that dictate the minimum equipment needed for flight under IFR. These requirements ensure the safety and reliability of navigation during instrument flight, which often involves flying in cloud cover or low visibility conditions.

VFR GPS systems are typically designed for visual flight rules and do not have the certification needed for IFR navigation. They may lack crucial features such as precision navigation capabilities, integrity monitoring, and other functions that certified IFR systems possess. Consequently, using them as your primary navigation device in IFR conditions could lead to safety risks and violation of regulations.

Although supplemental use of handheld or portable GPS units can be beneficial, especially for situational awareness, they do not satisfy the strict requirements of navigation under IFR. Other navigation systems, such as certified IFR GPS, VOR, and NDB systems, must be used to ensure compliance with IFR protocols and maintain safety in flight operations.