What is the effect of icing on an airplane's performance?

Icing on an airplane's surface has a significant impact on its aerodynamic performance. When ice accumulates on the wings, control surfaces, or other parts of the aircraft, it changes the shape of these surfaces, which can adversely affect their ability to generate lift. The formation of ice increases the aerodynamic drag as well, leading to a decrease in overall performance.

The most critical effect of icing is the increase in stall speed. Icing disrupts the airflow over the wings, causing them to stall at a higher angle of attack than they would in clean conditions. As a result, the aircraft requires a higher true airspeed to maintain controlled flight, particularly during critical phases such as takeoff and approach. This higher stall speed means that the pilot must be particularly cautious, altering the way they manage their flight to avoid unintentional stalls, which can lead to dangerous situations.

Thus, the correct answer centers on this understanding of how ice affects stall characteristics and the importance of awareness regarding the performance limits of the aircraft in icing conditions.